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Índice de vulnerabilidad sísmica de escuelas del Área Metropolitana de Medellín, Colombia
Índice de vulnerabilidad sísmica de escuelas del Área Metropolitana de Medellín, Colombia
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Índice de vulnerabilidad sísmica de escuelas del Área Metropolitana de Medellín, Colombia. (2019). Revista EIA, 16(32), 195-207. https://doi.org/10.24050/reia.v16i32.1035
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En este trabajo se presenta la evaluación de la vulnerabilidad sísmica de un inventario de escuelas ubicadas en las ciudades de Medellín, Itagüí y Sabaneta, Colombia, a través de la aplicación del método del Índice Prioritario desarrollado por Hassan y Sözen (1997). El procedimiento del Índice Prioritario permite identificar, de un grupo de estructuras de pórticos de hormigón reforzado, aquellas que podrían sufrir daño severo o colapso en caso de un evento sísmico importante y, por lo tanto, requieren de una evaluación de vulnerabilidad sísmica detallada. Se evaluaron un total de 82 estructuras pertenecientes a 30 instituciones educativas. El sistema de resistencia a cargas laterales de todas las estructuras evaluadas corresponde a pórticos de hormigón reforzado con presencia de muros de mampostería. La aplicación del método del Índice Prioritario identificó un 61% de las estructuras analizadas como prioritarias, es decir, con posibilidad de que sufran daño severo o colapso ante un futuro evento sísmico. En el desarrollo de esta investigación se propuso incluir parámetros adicionales al método para la evaluación de las estructuras: año de construcción y presencia de columnas cortas. Finalmente, se identificó un 60% de las estructuras con prioridad alta; este alto porcentaje implica que una gran cantidad de menores estarían en alto riesgo ante la ocurrencia de un evento sísmico.
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