DESCRIPCIÓN DE UN DISPOSITIVO DESTINADO AL ANÁLISIS DE LA MARCHA EN DOS DIMENSIONES, CINEMED
DESCRIPCIÓN DE UN DISPOSITIVO DESTINADO AL ANÁLISIS DE LA MARCHA EN DOS DIMENSIONES, CINEMED
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Este artículo presenta un dispositivo para el análisis cinemático de la marcha humana. El dispositivo propuesto se basa en el uso de técnicas de videogrametría y procesamiento de imágenes para registrar el movimiento humano. Con este fin, se utilizó una cámara de video digital, ubicada a 4 metros del paciente, capturando su marcha en el plano sagital. También se desarrolló un modelo cinemático de los miembros inferiores que, a partir del desplazamiento de cierto número de puntos anatómicos, determina los ángulos articulares de la cadera, rodilla y tobillo, además de la inclinación de la pelvis durante un ciclo completo de la marcha. La identificación de dichos puntos fue facilitada mediante el uso de marcadores reflectivos, ubicados en siete posiciones anatómicas diferentes. Después, se diseñó y desarrolló un programa para el registro y procesamiento de los datos obtenidos, por medio de la cámara en el lenguaje de programación C# .NET. La aplicación desarrollada captura y preprocesa el video, detecta cada uno de los marcadores en la imagen, aplica el modelo cinemático y visualiza a modo de gráfica el valor de los ángulos articulares de los miembros inferiores, a lo largo del ciclo de la marcha. Por fin, se diseñó un protocolo y se realizó una prueba experimental con un sujeto, para comparar las curvas entregadas por el software y las curvas teóricas encontradas en la literatura. A pesar de las limitaciones del sistema referentes al análisis bidimensional de la marcha, se lograron obtener curvas articulares muy similares a las teóricas, obtenidas con métodos comerciales para el análisis del movimiento tridimensional.
Abstract: This paper introduces a device for the gait kinematic analysis. It is based on videogrametry methods and image processing in order to record the human movement. It was used a digital camcorder, located to a distance of four meters from the person, capturing its gait in the sagital plane. Also, a kinematic model was developed of lower limbs; this model takes the position data of the bony landmarks and calculates the joint angle of the hip, knee and ankle, besides the pelvic tilt during gait. The identification and tracking of the points was carried out by a special reflective coated in the superficial markers. Later, it was designed and developed an algorithm in order to record and process the data gathered, through of the camcorder in the develop language C# .NET. The application developed captures and processes the video, tracking every marker in the frame, applies the kinematic model and shows the graph of the joint angle during gait. Finally, a protocol was designed and a test was carried out with a person in order to compare the data gathered for the software and the theoretical data described in the literature. In spite of the limitations of the system related to gait bidimensional analysis, articular curves very similar to those theoretical were obtained with commercial methods for the tridimensional movement analysis.
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