LA ECUACIÓN EN DIFERENCIAS FINITAS DE RICCATI EN EL CÁLCULO DE BATERÍAS DE EXTRACTORES
LA ECUACIÓN EN DIFERENCIAS FINITAS DE RICCATI EN EL CÁLCULO DE BATERÍAS DE EXTRACTORES
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Este trabajo presenta lo siguiente: 1) Un resumen del proceso de extracción de ácido fosfórico partiendo de roca fosfórica, por extracción con ácido sulfúrico diluido, en una batería de tanques en contracorriente; 2) un balance de masa para el P2O5 que lleva a una ecuación de Riccati en diferencias finitas, la que rige el incremento en concentración de ácido (Cn) en el enésimo tanque; 3) se resuelve la ecuación con las condiciones iniciales (técnicas) y las restricciones entre parámetros (económicas), y se obtiene la función explícita Cn = F (n); 4) tomando la inversa F–1 (Cn) = n se encuentra el número exacto de tanques necesarios, suficientes y de costo mínimo que se requieren. Se evitan los largos e imprecisos métodos que enseñan los textos usuales de Operaciones Unitarias.
Abstract: This document exposes: 1) A brief reminder of the process for the extraction of phosphoric acid from phosphoric rock by extraction with dilute sulfuric acid in a battery of Dorr thickeners in countercurrent; 2) a mass balance for P2O5 leads to a Riccati finite differences equation which governs the enrichment in acid concentration (Cn) in the tank number n; 3) the solution of the equation with technical initial conditions and economic restrictions gives the explicit function Cn = F (n); 4) the inverse function F–1 (Cn) = n gives the necessary, sufficient, and most economic number of tanks. No need of graphic, approximate methods neither of trial-and-error, as Unit Operations textbooks teach usually
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