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Biodegradación de clorpirifos por medio de microbiota autoctona de un embalse de agua potable
Biodegradation of chlorpyrifos by autochthonous microbiota from a drinking water reservoir
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Biodegradación de clorpirifos por medio de microbiota autoctona de un embalse de agua potable. (2024). Revista EIA, 21(41), 4113 pp. 1-20. https://doi.org/10.24050/reia.v21i41.1732
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El clorpirifos, es un plaguicida aplicado ampliamente en actividades agrícolas.
Esta sustancia, puede ser transportado desde el suelo a las aguas superficiales e incluso
a las subterráneas por medio de lixiviación y escorrentía debido a las interacciones
fisicoquímicas suelo-sustancia. Una vez en los compartimentos ambientales, el
clorpirifos puede transformarse mediante reacciones bióticas y abióticas, lo que
aumenta los efectos complejos y múltiples sobre la biota. Asi, la biodegradación es
una reacción natural importante que reduce los niveles ambientales de plaguicidas y
por lo tanto, la microbiota autóctona con alto potencial de biotransformación podría
estar relacionada con la persistencia y dinámica del clorpirifos. En este studio, se
amnalizó la biodegradación de clorpirifos por medio de microbiota autóctona en
agua natural de un embalse. En las muestras se detectaron indicadores bacterianos
como Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli y coliformes totales utilizando
medio de cultivo selectivo y medio de cultivo diferencial, tales como Pseudalert y
Colilert. En medio acuoso con microbiota autóctona, el clorpirifos se transformó en
3,5,6-tricloro-2-piridinol (TCP), y la vida media se estimó en 10,2 h. Los resultados
mostraron que estos indicadores bacterianos en el embalse pueden reducir los
niveles de clorpirifos en el cuerpo de agua, pero aún se desconoce si el metabolito
TCP emerge en el cuerpo de agua con efectos acuáticos.
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