METAHEURÍSTICOS: UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA LA SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS COMBINATORIOS EN ADMINISTRACIÓN DE OPERACIONES
METAHEURÍSTICOS: UNA ALTERNATIVA PARA LA SOLUCIÓN DE PROBLEMAS COMBINATORIOS EN ADMINISTRACIÓN DE OPERACIONES
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La escasa difusión que se les ha dado a las nuevas técnicas de solución de problemas complejos en las áreas de administración de operaciones por parte de universidades y publicaciones no académicas tiene como consecuencia directa que las empresas pierdan oportunidades para operar con más eficiencia y a menores costos. Este artículo pretende divulgar las ideas fundamentales detrás de una de las técnicas de solución de problemas combinatorios de más desarrollo en los últimos años: los metaheurísticos. Para ilustrar estas ideas se presenta un ejemplo de un problema combinatorio clásico en el área del secuenciamiento de operaciones y se propone un algoritmo de solución que hace uso de algunas de estas técnicas.
Abstract: The scarce diffusion given to the newest techniques for solving complex operations management problems has as a direct consequence that companies lose opportunities to operate at lower costs and higher efficiency. The objective of this article is to introduce and explain the fundamental ideas behind metaheuristics, a solution technique for combinatorial problems that has received the most attention from the academic community in the last few years. In order to illustrate these ideas, an example of a classical combinatorial problem in the sequencing of operations area is presented, and a solution algorithm making use of some of these techniques is proposed.
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