SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE LA MALARIA EN COLOMBIA
SISTEMAS DE INFORMACIÓN GEOGRÁFICA PARA EL ANÁLISIS DE LA DISTRIBUCIÓN ESPACIAL DE LA MALARIA EN COLOMBIA
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La malaria es una enfermedad prevenible que persiste como uno de los mayores problemas de salud pública en Colombia. Una asignación eficaz de los recursos para su control requiere la identificación de zonas endémicas y una caracterización sistemática de éstas en varios aspectos de manera simultánea. Se utilizó aquí la tecnología de Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG) para integrar datos de diversas fuentes para un período reciente y hacer distintos análisis espaciales en las cinco zonas endémicas identificadas. La información generada se organizó en fichas que sintetizan el panorama en cada zona endémica y permiten hacerse una idea de la vulnerabilidad de la población en riesgo, la incidencia por tipo de infección, las especies del vector que se han reportado y las condiciones climáticas predominantes. Si bien, los resultados presentados ofrecen una mirada estática de un período específico, la base de datos espacial desarrollada permite el ingreso periódico de datos para el seguimiento de la enfermedad que permitan evaluar oportunamente la efectividad de las estrategias adoptadas para la disminución de la incidencia.
Abstract: Malaria is a preventable disease that persists as one of Colombia’s major public health problems. An efficient allocation of resources for malaria control requires the identification of endemic zones and their simultaneous and systematic characterization in several aspects. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) technology was used to bring together data from different sources for a recent period and develop various spatial analyses in the five endemic zones identified. Information was organized in synthesis cards that allow general view of each endemic zone, making it easier to have a general idea about the conditions of vulnerability of population at risk, incidence for each infection type, reported vector species and predominant climatic characteristics. Although results presented constitute a fixed view of the analyzed period, the spatial database developed permits the updating of data in order to track the disease that permits an opportune evaluation of the effectiveness of incidence reduction strategies.
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