CALIDAD DEL AGUA DE LAS QUEBRADAS LA CRISTALINA Y LA RISARALDA, SAN LUIS, ANTIOQUIA
CALIDAD DEL AGUA DE LAS QUEBRADAS LA CRISTALINA Y LA RISARALDA, SAN LUIS, ANTIOQUIA
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Las quebradas La Cristalina y La Risaralda son las fuentes que abastecen el acueducto del área urbana del municipio de San Luis, Antioquia. El propósito de este estudio fue elaborar un mapa de calidad de agua que sirva como base de comparación de la evolución de las quebradas y justifique la inversión de los recursos del Municipio en el mejoramiento prioritario de los tramos más críticos. Para establecer la calidad del agua se determinaron indicadores físicos, químicos y biológicos, entre ellos algunas características físicas de las quebradas como tipo de sustrato, cobertura de riberas y hábitats acuáticos, temperatura, conductividad, oxígeno, pH, coliformes y macroinvertebrados acuáticos. A partir de los datos colectados se calcularon losíndices BMWP/Col1, ASPT, ETP, índice de dípteros y de equidad. Con los resultados obtenidos del ASPT se construyó el mapa de calidad de agua para ambas quebradas. Las quebradas están bien oxigenadas debido a la turbulencia provocada por la conformación rocosa de su lecho, que a su vez permite la diversidad de macroinvertebrados acuáticos. Sin embargo, algunos tramos de estas corrientes están sometidos a contaminación de origen doméstico y agropecuario, lo cual limita sus condiciones de uso.
Abstract: The streams La Cristalina and La Risaralda are the water sources for the urban area of the Municipality of San Luis, Antioquia. The intention of this study was to develop a map of water quality that serves as base as comparison of the evolution of the streams and allows the high-priority destination of the resources of the Municipality in the improvement of those more critical sections. In order to determine the quality of the water, parameters and some characteristics of the stream that can alter the quality of the water were measured, like substrate of the bed, cover of banks, aquatic habitats, temperature, conductivity, oxygen, pH, coliforms, and aquatic macroinvertebrates. The indices calculated with base in the collected data were: BMWP, ASPT, ETP, Index of Diptera, and equity Index. With the data of the ASPT the map of water quality of both streams was elaborated. The streams are well oxygenated and the rocky conformation of its bed allows the diversity of aquatic macroinvertebrates, nevertheless, in some sections, they are subjected to contamination of domestic and farming origin, which limits their conditions of use.
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