CARACTERÍSTICAS, DINÁMICA Y CAUSAS DEL MOVIMIENTO EN MASA DEL BARRIO EL SOCORRO (31 DE MAYO DE 2008) EN MEDELLÍN (CHARACTERISTICS, DYNAMICS AND CAUSES OF ThE MOVEMENT IN MASS OF THE DISTRICT EL SOCORRO (MAY 31, 2008) IN MEDELLÍN)
CARACTERÍSTICAS, DINÁMICA Y CAUSAS DEL MOVIMIENTO EN MASA DEL BARRIO EL SOCORRO (31 DE MAYO DE 2008) EN MEDELLÍN (CHARACTERISTICS, DYNAMICS AND CAUSES OF ThE MOVEMENT IN MASS OF THE DISTRICT EL SOCORRO (MAY 31, 2008) IN MEDELLÍN)
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El presente artículo describe las causas y dinámica del movimiento en masa del día 31 de mayo de 2008 en la parte alta del barrio San Pedro, sector Las Peñitas del municipio de Medellín, el cual dejó un saldo trágicode 27 personas muertas y 16 lesionadas, además de la destrucción de 20 viviendas del barrio El Socorro. Sumado a Rosellón (1927), Media Luna (1954), Santo Domingo (1974), Villatina (1987) y El Barro (2005), corresponde a uno de los eventos más trágicos que han golpeado el valle de Aburrá en toda su historia. Para la caracterización del área del evento se utilizaron estudios previos realizados por diferentes instituciones de reconocido prestigio; para la caracterización, descripción de la dinámica predominante del evento y sus causas se usaron evidencia de campo recolectada en recorridos sobre el terreno e inspección visual el mismo día en que ocurrió, de forma tal que no se modificara por las labores propias de rescate, y finalmente se recurrió a los datos de precipitación de diferentes estaciones hidrometeorológicas de Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM) y del Instituto de Hidrología, Meteorología y Estudios Ambientales de Colombia (IDEAM), con el fin de evaluarla influencia de la lluvia como elemento desencadenante. El evento inicial fue clasificado como un deslizamiento rotacional simple en dirección noreste, con una longitud aproximada de 60 m, el cual, debido a la saturación del material, se transformó en un movimiento tipo flujo de escombros que avanzó 140 m en dirección SE y NE. Como causas del evento se encuentran las pobres condiciones geomecánicas del material fuente y la cantidad de lluvia acumulada precedente de los últimos 15 días y antecedente del día 30 de mayo, cuando en tan solo 2 horas y 30 minutos cayeron 83,3 mm sobre la ciudad.
Abstract: The article presents the causes and dynamic of the mass movement which occurred on May 31, 2008 in the higher part of San Pedro settlement, called Las Peñitas, Medellín. This tragic event left 27 dead people, 16 injured people and 20 houses destroyed of El Socorro settlement. This event with Rosellón (1927), Media Luna (1954), Santo Domingo (1974), Villatina (1987) and El Barro (2005) represents one of the most tragic events in the Aburrá Valley history. For the characterization of the area of the event previous work from different recognized, prestigious institutions was used; for the characterization, description of the predominant dynamics of the event and its causes ground evidence collected on the terrain and visual inspection the same day when it occurred were used, so that it did not change due to proper rescue works. The data ofrain fall hydrometeorological stations of Empresas Públicas de Medellín (EPM) and Colombian Institute of Hydrology, Meteorology and Environmental Studies (IDEAM) were used, with the purpose of evaluating the influence of rain like triggering element. The mass movement was classified as simple rotational landslide on NE direction, with a longitude around 60 m, which due to high saturation levels, it changed to an debris flow moving 140 m ahead on SE direction, and finally the mass turned NE. Triggering causes are associated to geomechanical properties of soil and anteceden trainfall of previous 15 days and very intense rainfall event during May 30, when 83.3 mm fell down forjust 2 hours and 30 minutes along the central part of the valley
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