REMOCIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA, NITRÓGENO Y FÓSFORO EN UN SISTEMA TIPO ANAEROBIO-ANÓXICO-AEROBIO (BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN A SYSTEM TYPE ANAEROBIC-ANOXIC-AEROBIC)
REMOCIÓN BIOLÓGICA DE MATERIA ORGÁNICA, NITRÓGENO Y FÓSFORO EN UN SISTEMA TIPO ANAEROBIO-ANÓXICO-AEROBIO (BIOLOGICAL REMOVAL OF ORGANIC MATTER, NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS IN A SYSTEM TYPE ANAEROBIC-ANOXIC-AEROBIC)
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Este trabajo muestra los resultados experimentales de una serie de procesos biológicos unitarios para la remoción conjunta de materia orgánica (MO), nitrógeno (N) y fósforo (P), empleando un sustrato sintético similar al agua residual doméstica de concentración media. Se utilizó un sistema tipo A2O (anaerobio-anóxico-aerobio), que se desarrolló en dos etapas. La etapa preliminar duró 60 días y comprendió, además de la aclimatación del lodo biológico, el ensayo de espuma de poliuretano, como material de soporte en la etapa aerobia. La etapa secundaria duró 280 días más, en los que el sistema alcanzó una estabilidad, lográndose un aumento notable en las eficiencias promedio de remoción de 92,5 % en materia orgánica, 87,7 % en nitrógeno y 83,5 % en fósforo. Se realizó un seguimiento permanente a parámetros tales como el oxígeno disuelto (OD) y el potencial de óxido reducción (ORP), que variaron de acuerdo con el proceso correspondiente a cada unidad de tratamiento, y el pH, que permaneció en valores superiores a 7,2 unidades, garantizando la viabilidad del proceso de nitrificación desnitrificación. Adicionalmente, se realizó un estudio hidráulico con trazadores para evaluar el efecto del material de soporte en el régimen hidráulico de la unidad aerobia.
Abstract: experimental results from a series of biological unitary processes for the simultaneous removal of organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) are shown in this study. A synthetic substrate similar to a domestic wastewater of average concentration was used. The experimental development was made using an A2O system (anoxic-aerobic-anaerobic) performed in two phases. The preliminary stage lasted 60 days and included, besides the acclimatization of the biological sludge, the examination of polyurethane foam as a support medium in the aerobic phase. In the secondary stage, the stability was rapidly reached; this phase lasted 280 more days; a significant increase of the removal efficiencies was observed to be close to 92.5 % in organic matter, 87.7 % in nitrogen, and 83.5 % in phosphorus. Parameters such as dissolved oxygen (DO) and oxide reduction potential (ORP) were permanently monitored and maintained in values according to the requirements of the processes in each reactor. On the other hand, pH was measured to be higher than 7.2 units, ensuring the viability of the nitrification-denitrification processes. A hydraulic study using tracers was developed in order to find out the effect of the support medium on the hydraulic regimen of the aerobic reactor.
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