ALGORITMO ETAPA A ETAPA PARA LA SIMULACIÓN DE CASCADAS DE EXTRACCIÓN EN FASE LÍQUIDA APLICANDO EL MODELO DE EQUILIBRIO (STAGE-BY-STAGE ALGORITHM FOR SIMULATION OF LIQUID PHASE EXTRACTION CASCADES APPLYING THE EQUILIBRIUM MODEL)
ALGORITMO ETAPA A ETAPA PARA LA SIMULACIÓN DE CASCADAS DE EXTRACCIÓN EN FASE LÍQUIDA APLICANDO EL MODELO DE EQUILIBRIO (STAGE-BY-STAGE ALGORITHM FOR SIMULATION OF LIQUID PHASE EXTRACTION CASCADES APPLYING THE EQUILIBRIUM MODEL)
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Se presenta un método de solución etapa a etapa para el conjunto de ecuaciones de balance de masa, relaciones de equilibrio, suma de composiciones y entalpía (MESH, mass equilibrium sum enthalpy) que representan el modelo de equilibrio para un arreglo a contracorriente de etapas de extracción en fase líquida. El fundamento teórico se encuentra en la termodinámica: equilibrio líquido-líquido, flash isotérmico y flash adiabático. El algoritmo supera los alcances de los métodos gráficos e isotérmicos típicos en el estudio de los procesos de extracción y es aplicable a situaciones adicionales muy comunes: transferencia de calor en las etapas, etapas adiabáticas, temperaturas diferentes para los flujos de alimentación y solvente. El algoritmo se ilustra en tres ejemplos, los dos primeros en operación isotérmica con tres componentes (agua, ácido acético y acetato de butilo) y diez etapas, y un tercero más elaborado que involucra transferencia de calor con cuatro componentes (agua, ácido acético, butanol y acetato de butilo) y quince etapas.
Abstract: It is shown a stage-by-stage solution method for the group of mass balances, equilibrium relationships, sum of compositions and enthalpy equations (MESH equations) that represents the equilibrium model for a countercurrent multistage liquid-liquid extraction arrangement. The theoretical foundation is in thermodynamics: liquid-liquid equilibrium, isothermal flash, and adiabatic flash. The algorithm exceeds the scope of graphics and isothermal methods used in the study of extraction processes, which is applicable to very common typical situations: heat transfer by stage, adiabatic stages, and different temperatures in feed and solvent streams. The algorithm is illustrated in three examples, the first two in isothermal operation with three components (water, acetic acid and butyl acetate) and ten stages, and a third one more elaborated involving heat transfer with four components (water, acetic acid, butanol, butyl acetate) and fifteen stages.
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