MODELACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO REOLÓGICO DE ASFALTO CONVENCIONAL Y MODIFICADO CON POLÍMERO RECICLADO, ESTUDIADA DESDE LA RELACIÓN VISCOSIDAD-TEMPERATURA (MODELING OF RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONVENTIONAL AND RECYCLED POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT
MODELACIÓN DEL COMPORTAMIENTO REOLÓGICO DE ASFALTO CONVENCIONAL Y MODIFICADO CON POLÍMERO RECICLADO, ESTUDIADA DESDE LA RELACIÓN VISCOSIDAD-TEMPERATURA (MODELING OF RHEOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR OF CONVENTIONAL AND RECYCLED POLYMER MODIFIED ASPHALT
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Las propiedades reológicas del asfalto dependen de las proporciones en que están presentes sus componentes, las cuales varían de acuerdo con el origen de los crudos de petróleo. El comportamiento reológico del ligante tiene una influencia significativa en las propiedades de la mezcla asfalto-agregado (ahuellamiento, fatiga y susceptibilidad térmica). Para describir el comportamiento reológico del asfalto proveniente del Complejo Industrial de Barrancabermeja (CIB) y del asfalto modificado con material reciclado (poliestireno expandido y grano de caucho de llanta reciclada) con control de granulometría y sin él, se realizaron mediciones de viscosidad a diferentes temperaturas (con intervalos de 2 ºC) con el viscosímetro rotacional Brookfield, y a partir de estos datos se propusieron varias expresiones matemáticas que describen el comportamiento de la viscosidad en términos de la temperatura, se evaluaron en términos del coeficiente de determinación y se hallaron las temperaturas de mezclado y compactación. Los resultados indican que el mejor ajuste en los tres casos corresponde al modelo tipo Arrhenius truncado, con correlaciones entre 0,9945 y 0,9968. Las temperaturas de mezclado y compactación calculadas a partir de este modelo comparadas con las de las normas ASTM D2493 (2001) y AASHTO (2002) resultaron significativamente disímiles para el asfalto modificado (con polímeros de granulometría controlada) pero similares para el asfalto original. De otra parte, con el fin de establecer la estructura química del asfalto original y modificado así como su influencia sobre la viscosidad, se realizó la separación de cada muestra de acuerdo con la norma ASTM D4124 (2001). Los resultados indicaron que sólo ocurrió cambio estructural en el asfalto modificado con polímeros de granulometría controlada, lo que muestra la relación entre la composición química y la viscosidad de los tres ligantes estudiados.
Abstract: The rheological properties of asphalt are directly related to its chemical composition, which varies with the origin of crude oil. The rheological behavior of the binder has a significant influence on the properties of the asphalt--aggregate mixture (truck-wheel test, fatigue, and thermal susceptibility,). To describe the rheological behavior of asphalt from the Barrancabermeja Industrial Complex (IBC) and the modified asphalt with recycled material (polystyrene and tire rubber) with and without control of particle size, viscosity measurements were conducted at different temperatures (intervals of 2 º C) with a Brookfield rotational viscometer, and from these data suggested several mathematical expressions that describe the behavior of viscosity in terms of temperature, were evaluated in terms of the coefficient of determination, and determined the mixing and compaction temperatures. The results indicate that the best fit in the three cases corresponds to the Arrhenius model truncation, correlations between 0.9945 and 0.9968. The mixing and compaction temperatures calculated from this model compared to those of norms ASTM D2493 (2001) and AASHTO (2002) were significantly different for the modified asphalt (polymer-controlled particle size), but similar to the original asphalt. Furthermore, in order to establish the chemical structure of the original and modified asphalt and its influence on the viscosity, the separation was performed for each sample according to ASTM D4124 (2001). The results indicated that only structural changes occurred in the polymer-modified asphalt controlled particle size, which shows the relationship between chemical composition and viscosity of the three binders studied.
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