REMOCIÓN DE NÍQUEL Y DQO PRESENTES EN LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES DE LA INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTRIZ MEDIANTE ELECTROCOAGULACIÓN (REMOVAL OF NICKEL AND COD PRESENT IN WASTEWATERS FROM AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY BY ELECTROCOAGULATION)
REMOCIÓN DE NÍQUEL Y DQO PRESENTES EN LAS AGUAS RESIDUALES DE LA INDUSTRIA AUTOMOTRIZ MEDIANTE ELECTROCOAGULACIÓN (REMOVAL OF NICKEL AND COD PRESENT IN WASTEWATERS FROM AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY BY ELECTROCOAGULATION)
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Mediante este estudio se determinó si la técnica de electrocoagulación contribuye a minimizar la concentración de níquel y materia orgánica y la demanda química de oxígeno (DQO) en las aguas residuales de la industria automotriz. Se empleó un diseño experimental factorial multinivel aleatorio en el que la densidad de la corriente y el tiempo de reacción fueron evaluados en tres niveles, mientras que la separación entre electrodos fue analizada en dos niveles. La electrocoagulación se llevó a cabo en un reactor batch usando electrodos de hierro con arreglo monopolar. Fueron utilizadas las técnicas analíticas de digestión ácida, absorción atómica de llama de aire-acetileno y reflujo cerrado-colorimétrico (micro DQO) para determinar el contenido de los contaminantes. Las condiciones con que se obtuvo la mayor descontaminación del agua analizada fue con la densidad de corriente aplicada: 1,04 A/dm2 y tiempo de operación: 17 minutos; con estas variables se observó que la separación electródica no influyó. Los resultados indican que la electrocoagulación podría ser usada para disminuir el níquel y la materia orgánica (DQO) presentes en las aguas residuales de la industria automotriz.
Abstract: By means of this study was determined if the electrocoagulation technique helps to minimize the nickel andorganic matter, chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration, present in wastewaters from automotive industry. Arandomized multilevel factorial experimental design was used; being the current density and reaction time evaluated inthree levels, while the separation between electrodes was analyzed at two levels. Electrocoagulation was carried out ina batch reactor using iron electrodes with monopolar arrangement. The acid digestion, atomic absorption air-acetyleneflame and the closed reflux-colorimetric (micro COD) analytical techniques were used to determine the content ofthe contaminants. The conditions where it got the most decontamination of the water analyzed were found; being theApplied current density: 1,04 A/dm2, operative time: 17 minutes y; did not the electrode separation influence. The resultsshow that electrocoagulation could be effective to reduce nickel and organic matter (COD) present in wastewaters fromautomotive industry.
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