IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE MEDICIÓN DE TEMPERATURA EMPLEANDO FIBRA ÓPTICA PARA EL ESTUDIO TÉRMICO DE TRANSFORMADORES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN INMERSOS EN ACEITE MINERAL Y VEGETAL (IMPLEMENTATION OF A TEMPERATURE MEASURING SYSTEM USING FIBER OPTIC FOR THE TH
IMPLEMENTACIÓN DE UN SISTEMA DE MEDICIÓN DE TEMPERATURA EMPLEANDO FIBRA ÓPTICA PARA EL ESTUDIO TÉRMICO DE TRANSFORMADORES DE DISTRIBUCIÓN INMERSOS EN ACEITE MINERAL Y VEGETAL (IMPLEMENTATION OF A TEMPERATURE MEASURING SYSTEM USING FIBER OPTIC FOR THE TH
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Los transformadores son elementos de suma importancia dentro de las redes eléctricas. Su vida útil depende, entre otros factores, de la temperatura presente en su interior, especialmente aquella localizada en sus materiales aislantes. Dichas temperaturas suelen ser estimadas a través de modelos propuestos en las normatividades; sin embargo, los valores obtenidos son aproximados y siempre es deseable obtener una medición directa. Por razones netamente económicas la medición directa suele emplearse en transformadores de potencia. Sin embargo, con la llegada de las smarts grids (redes inteligentes) será necesaria la instrumentación en los sistemas de distribución y el uso de tecnologías más limpias. Con fines investigativos, en el presente documento los autores comentan sus experiencias en la instrumentación con fibras ópticas de cuatro transformadores de distribución sumergidos en aceite mineral y vegetal para realizar una evaluación térmica. Los transformadores tienen capacidades de 15 kVA y 37,5 kVA y operan a tensiones de 7620 V / 240 V. Se explica el proceso de determinación de los puntos de medición de temperatura al interior del transformador y se finaliza con resultados de ensayos de elevación de temperatura empleando carga simulada mediante cortocircuito y carga real a dos niveles para comparar las mediciones dentro de cada uno de los transformadores.
Abstract: Transformers are elements of the utmost importance in the layout of power grids. Their usable lifespan dependson various factors, amongst them, the temperature within their own interior, specially the localized temperature ontheir insulating material components. Such temperatures are usually approximated through proposed guideline models,however, as stated, these values are approximations and realtime direct measurements would be much more desirable.Due to purely economic reasons, direct measurement is often used for power transformers. However, in the adventof “Smart Grids” distribution system instrumentation will be necessary, as well as the use of cleaner technologies. Forresearch purposes, in this paper, the authors will discuss their experiences in instrumentation with optical fibers in fourdifferent distribution transformers submerged in mineral and vegetable oil, for thermal evaluation. The transformershave capacities that range from 15 kVA to 37,5 kVA and operate at voltages of 7620 V / 240 V. This paper also explainsthe process of identifying which are the optimal temperature measurement points in the interior of the transformer andleads into the results of temperature rise tests with simulated loads through the use of short circuits and through constantreference fault and actual load at two levels to compare measurements within each of the transformers.
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