Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de interfaz cerebro-computador para facilitar la comunicación de personas con discapacidad motora (Design and construction of a brain-computer interface prototype to facilitate the communication of people with motor
Diseño y construcción de un prototipo de interfaz cerebro-computador para facilitar la comunicación de personas con discapacidad motora (Design and construction of a brain-computer interface prototype to facilitate the communication of people with motor
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Una interfaz cerebro-computador (ICC) es un sistema de comunicación que permite generar una señal de control a partir de señales cerebrales como los ritmos sensorimotores y los potenciales evocados y, por consiguiente, constituye una alternativa novedosa de comunicación para personas con discapacidad motora seria (como aquellas que padecen esclerosis lateral amiotrófica, ELA). Este proyecto propone el desarrollo de un prototipo de ICC basado en el registro de potenciales evocados cognitivos P-300 mediante electroencefalografía. El prototipo usa un electroencefalógrafo de seis canales para la adquisición de las señales, y por medio de una matriz de estimulación visual que contiene las letras del abecedario e íconos asociados a ellas permite que el usuario escriba palabras o elabore mensajes con los íconos. Para procesar las señales (filtración, diezmado, entre otros) se utilizaron los programas BCI2000 y MATLAB 7.0. Este último se empleó para programar tres algoritmos lineales de traslación (análisis lineal del discriminante, solución por mínimos cuadrados y análisis lineal del discriminante paso a paso) que permitieran traducir los potenciales evocados en señales de comunicación.
Abstract: A brain-computer interface (BCI) is a communication system that translates a brain signal (e.g. sensorimotor rhythms, evoked potentials) into a control signal and, therefore, constitutes an innovative communication alternative for people with severe motor disability (such as patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis). This project proposes the development of a BCI prototype based on the recording of P300 cognitive potentials using electroencephalography. The prototype uses a six-channel electroencephalograph to acquire the signals, and through a visual stimulation matrix containing the letters of the alphabet and icons associated to each one gives the user the possibility of writing words or elaborating messages with the icons. To process the signals (filtering and decimation, among other methods), the software BCI2000 and MATLAB 7.0 were used. The latter was used to program three different linear translation algorithms (linear discriminant analysis, least squares analysis and stepwise linear discriminant analysis), in order to translate the recorded evoked potentials into communication signals.
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