PROPUESTA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN EN PLANTA BIETAPA EN AMBIENTES DE MANUFACTURA FLEXIBLE MEDIANTE EL PROCESO ANALÍTICO JERÁRQUICO (BIPHASE PLANT DISTRIBUTION PROPOSED IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT BY THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS)
PROPUESTA DE DISTRIBUCIÓN EN PLANTA BIETAPA EN AMBIENTES DE MANUFACTURA FLEXIBLE MEDIANTE EL PROCESO ANALÍTICO JERÁRQUICO (BIPHASE PLANT DISTRIBUTION PROPOSED IN FLEXIBLE MANUFACTURING ENVIRONMENT BY THE ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS)
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En ambientes de manufactura flexible, la conformación celular es adecuada para mejorar los flujos del proceso, tiempos de ciclo y calidad del producto. Su papel consiste en definir una conformación de familias de productos y células que permita el procesamiento de una o más familias dentro de una misma célula. Sin embargo, es posible que esta situación no suceda por restricciones del sistema que obligan a que el material deba desplazarse a otras células para completar su proceso, presentándose flujo intercelular, que se incrementa cuando el volumen de producción es alto; ello implica movimientos excesivos de producto en proceso y tiempos de espera que generan inadecuada ubicación o pérdidas de partes, además de contribuir al daño de productos debido al movimiento o las interferencias que se puedan presentar. El objetivo de este trabajo es proponer un enfoque de dos fases para resolver el problema de conformación celular así como su distribución en planta para una pyme del sector metalmecánico, comparando mediante el Proceso Analítico Jerárquico (AHP) la perspectiva del grupo decisorio en la empresa respecto del tratamiento del flujo intercelular y de las distancias, obtenido por el uso de dos modelos de asignación para distribución en planta: el problema de asignación cuadrática (QAP) y el problema de asignación cuártica (QrAP).
Abstract: In flexible manufacturing environments, the cellular distribution is adequate to improve process flows, cycle times and product quality. Its role is to define product families and cells formation that allow the processing of one or more families within the same cell. However, it is possible that this situation does not happen by restrictions of the system that requires the material must move to other cells to complete the process, presenting intercellular flow. This flow is amplified when the production volume is high, which implies excessive movements of in process products and waiting times generating an inappropriate location, or loss of parts, and contribute to the damage of products due to the movement or interference that may arise. The aim of this paper is to propose a two-phase approach to solve the problem of cell formation and the plant layout for an SME of metallurgical sector, comparing with the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) the perspective of the decision-maker group about treatment on intercellular flow and distance, obtained by the use of two allocation models for plant layout: the quadratic assignment problem (QAP) and quartic assignment problem (QrAP).
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