ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CONTAMINANTES ATMOSFÉRICOS PROVENIENTES DE FUENTES MÓVILES EN EL ÁREA URBANA DE ENVIGADO, COLOMBIA (ESTIMATION OF THE EMISSIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS FROM MOBILE SOURCES IN THE URBAN AREA OF ENVIGADO, COLOMBIA)
ESTIMACIÓN DE LAS EMISIONES DE CONTAMINANTES ATMOSFÉRICOS PROVENIENTES DE FUENTES MÓVILES EN EL ÁREA URBANA DE ENVIGADO, COLOMBIA (ESTIMATION OF THE EMISSIONS OF ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTANTS FROM MOBILE SOURCES IN THE URBAN AREA OF ENVIGADO, COLOMBIA)
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Este trabajo de investigación presenta los resultados de la estimación de contaminantes atmosféricos (CO, NOx, SO2, PM10 y COV) provenientes de fuentes móviles en la zona urbana del municipio de Envigado para el año 2010. Se utilizó información de vehículos matriculados en el municipio, aforos, distribución y actividad vehiculares. Las emisiones fueron estimadas mediante los factores establecidos en el método IVE que mejor se ajustaron a los patrones de movilidad, características del parque automotor y tipo de combustibles presentes en la zona de estudio. Como resultado, fue posible estimar las emisiones horarias y diarias de los contaminantes analizados, y con la ayuda de un sistema SIG, se representaron gráficamente. A partir de los resultados, se evidenció que las mayores emisiones se presentaron sobre las vías con mayor tránsito vehicular (Carrera 50 o Avenida Regional, carrera 48 o Avenida Las Vegas, carrera 43A o Avenida El Poblado y vía paralela a la quebrada La Ayurá); el mayor aporte lo hace el monóxido de carbono (CO) con 18,4 t d-1 (71,3 %), la hora del día con mayor emisión de este contaminante es las 12:00 horas con 1,4 t h-1 (7,4 %) y la categoría vehicular que más aporta a los niveles ambientales con este contaminante es Autos con 8,3 ton d-1 (32,7 %).
Abstract: This research presents the results of estimates of air pollutants (CO, NOx, SO2, PM10 and VOC) from mobile sources in the urban area of the municipality of Envigado for 2010. We use information on vehicles registered in the municipality, capacity, vehicular distribution and activity for categories. The emissions were estimated by the factors in the IVE method with best fit to the mobility patterns, vehicular fleet characteristics and type of combustibles in the area under study. As a result, it was possible to estimate hourly and daily emissions of the pollutants studied, and with the help of a GIS system, were plotted. From the results, we found that the largest releases occurred on roads with higher vehicle traffic (Carrera 50 or Avenue Regional, Carrera 48 or Avenue Las Vegas, Carrera 43A or Avenue El Poblado and road parallel to the stream La Ayurá), where the largest contribution does carbon monoxide (CO) with 18,4 t d-1 (71,3 %), time of day which showed the highest emission of this pollutant is at 12:00 hours with 1,4 t h-1 (7,4 %) and the vehicle category that most contributes to environmental levels are Automobile with 8 t d-1 (32,7 %).
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