ANÁLISIS DEL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE PLANTAS DE MANEJO DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS EN EL NORTE DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA (PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE RECOVERY FACILITIES IN NORTHERN VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA)
ANÁLISIS DEL FUNCIONAMIENTO DE PLANTAS DE MANEJO DE RESIDUOS SÓLIDOS EN EL NORTE DEL VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA (PERFORMANCE ANALYSIS OF SOLID WASTE RECOVERY FACILITIES IN NORTHERN VALLE DEL CAUCA, COLOMBIA)
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El aprovechamiento de residuos sólidos municipales (RSM) tiene cada día mayor aceptación en Colombia. Dos hechos evidencian esta situación: su inclusión en los planes de gestión integral de residuos sólidos de numerosos municipios y el incremento en el número de plantas de manejo de residuos sólidos (PMRS) que se han construido. De ahí que el análisis de las experiencias existentes y la investigación y desarrollo alrededor del tema son indispensables para avanzar en este campo. En el presente artículo se analiza el funcionamiento de cinco PMRS de cabeceras municipales del norte del Valle del Cauca, en las cuales se encontró que, aunque presenten deficiencias en su operación, aspectos como la existencia de mercado para sus productos, las posibilidades de generación de empleo y los costos evitados al no tener que enviar residuos a rellenos sanitarios regionales justifican su continuidad. Como elementos clave para fortalecer el funcionamiento de las PMRS, se identificaron la sensibilización continua de los usuarios del servicio de aseo, la adaptación de las tecnologías al contexto, el fortalecimiento de la gestión administrativa y el mayor impulso al aprovechamiento en el marco político nacional.
Abstract: In Colombia, the acceptance of resource recovery is demonstrated through the high number of municipalities which have introduced this alternative in their integrated solid waste management plans, together with the increasing number of solid waste management facilities (SWMFs) that have been established. This situation also highlights the need for a comprehensive evaluation of the existing experiences as well as research and development around this topic. In this paper, the performance of five SWMFs located in municipalities in northern Valle del Cauca is analyzed. The analysis shows that, despite the fact that SWMFs have operational deficiencies, features such as markets for their products, employment generation and avoided costs in waste disposal in landfills show sufficient grounds for their continuity. Key elements to strengthen SWMFs performance are long-term awareness of service users, adaptation of technologies to the context, enhancement of managerial capacity and better support to resource recovery within the national political framework.
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