WHY ANIMALS COME TOGETHER, WITH THE SPECIAL CASE OF MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS (¿POR QUÉ LOS ANIMALES SE AGRUPAN? EL CASO ESPECIAL DE BANDADAS MIXTAS DE AVES)
WHY ANIMALS COME TOGETHER, WITH THE SPECIAL CASE OF MIXED-SPECIES BIRD FLOCKS (¿POR QUÉ LOS ANIMALES SE AGRUPAN? EL CASO ESPECIAL DE BANDADAS MIXTAS DE AVES)
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Abstract: Group living is a widespread, ubiquitous biological phenomenon in the animal kingdom that has attracted considerable attention in many different contexts. The availability of food and the presence of predators represent the two main factors believed to favor group life. In this review, major theories supporting grouping behavior in animals are explored, providing an explanation of animal grouping. This review is divided in two sections. First, major theories as well as potential mechanisms behind the benefit of grouping are described. Later, a special case on the widespread animal social system of mixed-species avian flocks is presented, exploring the available information in relation to the potential causes that bring birds together into this particular social aggregation.
Resumen: El comportamiento de agrupamiento es un fenómeno biológico global y ubicuo en el reino animal que ha atraído considerable atención en muchos contextos. Los dos factores principales que se cree favorecen la vida en grupo son la disponibilidad de alimento y la presencia de predadores. En esta revisión se exploraron las principales teorías publicadas en la literatura que tratan de dar explicación al comportamiento de agrupamiento en animales. Esta revisión se divide en dos secciones. Inicialmente, se describen las principales teorías así como los potenciales mecanismos asociados al beneficio de agruparse. Posteriormente, se presenta un caso especial en un sistema social animal llamado bandadas mixtas de especies de aves, explorando la información disponible en relación a las causas potenciales que hacen que las aves se asocien en esta particular agregación.
Sumário: O comportamento de agrupamiento é um fenómeno biológico global e ubicuo no reino animal que tem atraído considerável atenção em muitos contextos. Os dois factores principais que se crê favorecem a vida em grupo são a disponibilidade de alimento e a presença de predadores. Nesta revisão exploraram-se as principais teorias publicadas na literatura que tratam de dar explicação ao comportamento de agrupamiento em animais. Esta revisão divide-se em duas secções. Inicialmente, descrevem-se as principais teorias bem como os potenciais mecanismos associados ao benefício de agrupar-se. Posteriormente, apresenta-se um caso especial num sistema social animal chamado bandadas mistas de espécies de aves, explorando a informação disponível em relação a causa-las potenciais que fazem que as aves se associem nesta particular agregação.
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