Obtención de precursores con tamaño de partícula nano y micrométrico para la fabricación de materiales cerámicos con propiedades eléctricas no lineales
Obtención de precursores con tamaño de partícula nano y micrométrico para la fabricación de materiales cerámicos con propiedades eléctricas no lineales
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Se comparan resultados respecto al comportamiento eléctrico del material sinterizado, a partir de polvos precursores de materiales cerámicos con propiedades eléctricas no lineales, conocidos como varistores. Los rutas de síntesis investigadas buscando reducir el tamaño de partícula a distribuciones nanométricas, son de precipitación controlada, método Pechini y el método tradicional de mezcla de óxidos. La matriz de los polvos se basa en ZnO dopado con óxidos de Bi, Mn y Sb y se realizan seguimientos en etapas intermedias y finales del proceso por medio de las técnicas Difracción de Rayos x y microscopía electrónica de barrido. Se analizan los resultados del proceso de sinterización es- tablecido según programas de temperatura-tiempo del material precursor, tomando como base las técnicas de Análisis Termogravimétrico y Análisis Térmico Diferencial. Se muestra la superioridad de las rutas químicas respecto a la mezcla de óxidos ya que permiten obtener menores tamaños de partícula, menores temperaturas de densificación, y mejores respuestas eléctricas las cuales están dadas por coeficientes de no linealidad mayores y corrientes de fuga menores.
Abstract: Results are compared with respect to electrical performance of the sintered material from ceramics precursor powders with nonlinear electrical properties, known as varistors. The synthesis routes investigated to reduce the particle size to nanometer distributions are controlled precipitation, Pechini method and the traditional method of mixed oxides. The matrix of the powders is based on ZnO doped with Bi, Mn and Sb and monitoring is made on intermediate and final stages of the process by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. We analyze the results of the sintering process established under temperature-time programs of the precursor material, based on Thermo gravimetric Analysis techniques and Differential Thermal Analysis. The results show the superiority of the chemical routes compared to the mixture of oxides since with the former it is possible to obtain smaller particle sizes, lower densification temperature, and improved electrical responses given by higher nonlinearity coefficients and lower leakage currents.
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