UNA MIRADA A LA AGROINDUSTRIA DE EXTRACCIÓN DE ALMIDÓN DE YUCA, DESDE LA ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE PROCESOS (VIEW OF AGROINDUSTRY OF CASSAVA STARCH EXTRACTION FROM THE PROCESS STANDARDIZATION)
UNA MIRADA A LA AGROINDUSTRIA DE EXTRACCIÓN DE ALMIDÓN DE YUCA, DESDE LA ESTANDARIZACIÓN DE PROCESOS (VIEW OF AGROINDUSTRY OF CASSAVA STARCH EXTRACTION FROM THE PROCESS STANDARDIZATION)
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La agroindustria de extracción de almidón de yuca hace parte importante de la economía de Colombia, concentrándose su producción en el departamento del Cauca; el proceso emplea raíces frescas de yuca, agua y energía eléctrica como principales recursos, generando residuos sólidos y líquidos cuyo inadecuado aprovechamiento o vertimiento trae impactos ambientales y económicos. En este estudio se formularon medidas para la optimización de los procesos apoyándose en herramientas como el balance de masa y el estudio de métodos, tiempos y movimientos, considerando el contexto tecnológico y socioeconómico del sector. Los resultados mostraron una eficiencia del proceso entre 51 % y 59 %; se identificó que la etapa de colado presenta el mayor consumo de agua y generación de residuos sólidos (afrecho), la etapa de sedimentación genera la mayor cantidad de residuos líquidos con elevada carga contaminante. Se evidenció la necesidad de estandarizar y optimizar las etapas de lavado-pelado y colado por requerir los mayores tiempos, incrementar la capacidad del rallado (etapa crítica que influye en la eficiencia del proceso y calidad del almidón) y registrar la información del proceso como estrategia de control.
Abstract: In Colombia, the agroindustry of cassava-starch extraction is an important sector of the country's economy; production is focused in Cauca Department; this process uses fresh cassava-roots, water, and electricity as main resources, generating solid and liquid wastes whose inadequate use or disposal brings environmental and economic impacts. In this study were made measures for process optimization supported by tools such as mass balance and study methods, time and motion, considering the technological and socio-economic context of the sector. The results showed process-efficiency between 51 and 59 %; it was identified that the straining stage has the highest water consumption and solid waste generation (fiber cassava pulp); the starch slurry’s sedimentation stage generates the most amount of liquid wastes with high-pollution load. It evidenced the need to standardize and optimize the washing-peeling and strain stages because they require the largest process times; to increase the grating-rasping machine capacity (this critical stage influences the process efficiency and the final starch quality) besides recording the process information as control strategy.
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