TRATAMIENTO DE LODOS DE FONDO DE LAGUNAS FACULTATIVAS CON ESTABILIZACIÓN EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO
TRATAMIENTO DE LODOS DE FONDO DE LAGUNAS FACULTATIVAS CON ESTABILIZACIÓN EN CONDICIONES DE LABORATORIO
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RESUMEN
En este artículo se muestran los resultados obtenidos en el proceso de estabilización química de lodos de lagunas de estabilización, mediante la adición de cal hidratada común. Se adicionaron en condiciones controladas de laboratorio, dosis de cal al 5 %, 7 %, 9 %, 10 %, 11 %, 12 % y 15 % a una muestra de lodos de fondo de la laguna primaria del sistema de tratamiento de aguas residuales de la ciudad de Montería, Colombia. Se analizaron la peligrosidad del lodo (corrosividad, inflamabilidad y reactividad) y las concentraciones de sulfuros, metales pesados (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ag, Pb, Se), coliformes, salmonella, bacterias mesófilas, áscaris y otros helmintos, antes y después de aplicar una dosis optima al 10%. Con esta dosis se logró controlar la reactividad por sulfuros y cianuros, pero no se redujeron las concentraciones de coliformes y de bacterias mesófilas. Algunos metales pesados (Cd, Cr, Hg, Ag, Pb) aumentaron luego de la aplicación de la dosis de cal hidratada, aunque las concentraciones halladas no constituyen peligro ambiental, de acuerdo a la normatividad ambiental vigente.
ABSTRACT
In this paper we show the results obtained in the chemical stabilization process of pond sludge by adding common hydrated lime. Dosages of 5%, 7%, 9%, 10%, 11%, 12% and 15% were added in controlled laboratory conditions to a sample of sludge taken from the bottom of the primary facultative pond of the wastewater treatment system of Monteria in Colombia. Dangerousness (corrosivity, flammability and reactivity) and concentrations of sulfides, heavy metals (As, Ba, Cd, Cr, Hg, Ag, Pb, Se), coliforms, salmonella, ascaris and other helminths were analyzed in the sludge sample, before and after the application of an optimal 10% dosage. The reactivity by sulfides and cyanides in the sludge sample was controlled with this dosage, however, coliforms and mesophilic bacteria concentrations did not decrease. Some heavy metals increased (Cd, Cr, Hg, Ag, Pb) after the application of hydrated lime dosage, although the concentrations found are not representing environmental danger according to existing environmental regulations.
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