INGENIERÍA DE TEJIDO ÓSEO: CONSIDERACIONES BÁSICAS
INGENIERÍA DE TEJIDO ÓSEO: CONSIDERACIONES BÁSICAS
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Tradicionalmente las lesiones en el tejido óseo causadas por trauma, osteonecrosis y tumores han sido tratadas con el implante de injertos autólogos, alogénicos o xenogénicos; en otros casos, implantando materiales sustitutivos. En vista de problemas como la escasez de donantes, la transmisión de enfermedades, la morbilidad del sitio de extracción y la incapacidad de los materiales para remodelarse y reaccionar ante condiciones fisiológicas, se hace necesaria la búsqueda de soluciones donde la ingeniería de tejidos aparece como una opción para restaurar, mantener o mejorar la función mediante la creación de sustitutos biológicos que incluyan células cultivadas en matrices tridimensionales, en un medio de cultivo suplementado con factores de crecimiento. En este artículo se realiza una revisión bibliográfica de los conceptos básicos que abarca la ingeniería de tejido óseo.
Abstract: Usually bone tissue loss caused by trauma, osteonecrosis, and tumors has been treated using autograft, allograft, xenograft, and implantation of substitute materials. Each of these treatments has significant limitations, like availability of sufficient donor tissue, disease transmission, donor site morbidity, and inability of materials to remodel and react against physiological conditions. For all these reasons there is a need for alternative bone replacement procedures. Tissue Engineering aims to satisfy this need by the development of bone substitutes using different cell types, three-dimensional matrixes (scaffolds), in a medium supplemented with growth factors. The present review is focused in Bone Tissue Engineering and its most important aspects.
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