SWAPS DE TASA DE INTERÉS Y DE CRUCE DE MONEDAS COMO HERRAMIENTAS DE COBERTURA PARA LAS EMPRESAS COLOMBIANAS (INTEREST RATE AND CROSS CURRENCY SWAPS AS HEDGING TOOLS FOR COLOMBIAN COMPANIES)
SWAPS DE TASA DE INTERÉS Y DE CRUCE DE MONEDAS COMO HERRAMIENTAS DE COBERTURA PARA LAS EMPRESAS COLOMBIANAS (INTEREST RATE AND CROSS CURRENCY SWAPS AS HEDGING TOOLS FOR COLOMBIAN COMPANIES)
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Este trabajo presenta un acercamiento teórico práctico al uso de swaps de tasa de interés (IRS) y de cruce de monedas (CCS) como herramientas de cobertura para gestionar los riesgos de tasa de interés y de tasas de cambio a los que las empresas colombianas se encuentran expuestas. En su desarrollo se analizan las ventajas y los retos del uso de estos instrumentos y se proponen soluciones a los diferentes obstáculos existentes en áreas como la comprensión de las características y los riesgos propios del producto, la valoración y el registro de sus efectos contables y tributarios. Se hace énfasis en la construcción de un modelo de valoración, empleando los métodos de bootstrapping e interpolación por splines cúbicos para la estimación de la estructura a plazos de tasas de interés, que permita disponer de precios indicativos de IRS y CCS para las particularidades del mercado colombiano.
Abstract: This paper aims to provide the theoretical and practical elements of the use of interest rate swaps (IRS) and cross currency swaps (CCS) by Colombian companies, as hedging tools to manage their interest and exchange rates exposures. It will proffer a deep analysis of the advantages and challenges of the use of swaps in the Colombian economic environment and provide tailored solutions to obstacles faced in areas such as the understanding of the characteristics and the associated risks of the product, the valuation under the particularities of the Colombian financial markets, and the accounting and tax treatment and its effects. This article focuses in the design of a pricing model that, applying bootstrapping and cubic splines interpolation techniques, estimates the interest rates structure allowing Colombian real sector companies to obtain indicative IRS and CCS mark to market valuations.
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